1. Threshold inhibition
Scale inhibitors interfere with the precipitation process of scaling compounds such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate by introducing specific ions. This retards the crystallization of these compounds, allowing them to pass through the system without forming deposits.
2. Crystal modification
Even if some scale particles begin to crystallize, the scale inhibitor modifies their structure to prevent them from adhering to the surface. This process changes the shape and size of the crystals so that they remain suspended in the water rather than being deposited on the membrane surface.
3. Dispersing effect
Scale inhibitors cause repulsive forces between mineral crystals by adsorbing on the crystal surface, thus keeping them dispersed in solution and preventing them from being deposited on the membrane surface.
4. Complexation
Scale inhibitors increase the solubility of insoluble salts by forming complexes with scaling cations. This mechanism prevents scaling by forming complexes through stoichiometric reactions.
5. Lattice distortion
Scale inhibitors interact with mineral nuclei, interfering with the crystallization process and inhibiting and distorting crystal growth. This alters the morphology of the crystals formed and prevents them from being deposited on the membrane surface.
6. Threshold effect
Scale inhibitors affect the aggregation process and prevent the precipitation of insoluble salts. This mechanism prevents the precipitation of scaling compounds by keeping the solution supersaturated.
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