Dispersants are a type of chemical substance used to enhance the dispersion performance of particles in suspension systems. There are multiple options for the composition of dispersants, and common components include the following:
Surfactants: Surfactants are one of the most common dispersant components. They can reduce the surface tension of liquids, allowing particles to interact with solvents, thereby promoting particle dispersion and stability. Anionic surfactants (such as sulfates, sulfonates) and non ionic surfactants (such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether) are commonly used in dispersants.
Polymer: Polymers can also be used as components of dispersants. Polymers can form a protective layer by adsorbing on the surface of particles, reducing the interaction forces between particles, thereby achieving particle dispersion and stability. Common polymer dispersants include polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
Chelating agents: Some chelating agents can also be used as dispersants, especially in the dispersion of metal particles. Chelating agents can stabilize metal particles and prevent their aggregation by forming complexes. Commonly used chelating agent components include ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid.
Stabilizer: In addition to the above components, dispersants often contain some stabilizers to enhance the stability of suspension systems. The function of these stabilizers is to prevent particle sedimentation and aggregation. Common stabilizer components include colloidal silicates, hydroxyapatite, etc.
Suitable dispersant components need to be selected based on specific applications and particle characteristics, and adjusted according to corresponding formulas and usage conditions. In addition, to ensure safety and compliance, relevant regulations and standards must be followed when using dispersants.